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GCSE Maths: Conditional Probability

Solve probability problems involving dependent events and without replacement. Practise it with adaptive questions for AQA, Edexcel, OCR and Eduqas.

ProbabilityFoundation & HigherAQA · Edexcel · OCR · Eduqas

What you need to know

The concepts examiners test on conditional probability, and what each one is really asking.

Understand dependent and independent events
Calculate probabilities without replacement
Use conditional probability notation P(A|B)
Apply tree diagrams to dependent events

Where marks get lost

The exam technique that separates a correct method from a correct answer.

  • Using the same probabilities for both picks (forgetting 'without replacement' changes totals)
  • Not reducing the total by 1 after the first pick
  • Reducing both the specific count AND the total incorrectly
  • Confusing 'with' and 'without' replacement

Conditional Probability questions students ask

Is Conditional Probability on the Foundation paper?

Yes. Conditional Probability appears at both Foundation and Higher tier, though Higher papers take it further.

What should I know before starting Conditional Probability?

It builds on Basic probability and Tree diagrams and Multiplying and simplifying fractions. If those feel shaky, practise them first — Conditional Probability questions assume them.

What is the most common mistake in Conditional Probability?

Using the same probabilities for both picks (forgetting 'without replacement' changes totals).

Which exam boards cover Conditional Probability?

All four we support — AQA, Edexcel, OCR and Eduqas. GCSE Maths subject content is set by the DfE, so the topic is common to every board; what changes is the paper structure and the grade boundaries.